Vic’s specific point here is about sunshine and vitamin D, which is closely linked to testosterone production. Your body wasn’t designed to do 45 minutes of structured exercise while being parked in a chair for the other 15 waking hours. Two forms of exercise are particularly helpful for increasing testosterone.
Do them consistently, and your hormone health should be fine. Cortisol and testosterone compete for resources in your body. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables to get the micronutrients your body needs for hormones. Get a moderate amount of fat for hormone health. Besides helping with vitamin D production, getting outside can also help manage stress, which, as we’ll see in a second, is another important factor in hormone health. All those little "movement snacks" can keep your body running like a finely tuned machine, including the parts that manage hormones.
Two hypothesized gender → testosterone pathways (our results supported the bolded pathway). Like humans, male cichlid fish who watch each other fight show increased testosterone (17). Testosterone responds to social phenomena that are evolutionarily salient, but not all social phenomena have been evolutionarily selected to modulate testosterone or do so in the same ways. A gender→testosterone pathway would involve multiple inputs including neurobiological, sociocultural, and evolutionary factors. Although testosterone exists and functions similarly in women and men, men have markedly higher average testosterone than women.
Posts frequently used crisis language around sexual performance, energy and confidence, encouraged men to "be their own advocate" and seek testing, and positioned private clinics and direct-to-consumer products as faster and more effective than conventional healthcare. "What we’re seeing isn’t health education, it’s marketing and fearmongering dressed up as medical advice," said Dr Nickel. Published in Social Science & Medicine, the study analysed 46 high-reach Instagram and TikTok posts promoting testosterone tests and treatments. During the direction session the director worked with participants on their performance, providing detailed instructions on style and motivation. Saliva samples are widely used as a less-invasive alternative to blood sampling in behavioral research, and salivary assays for testosterone and cortisol are well-validated (6). For example, the monologue incorporates several interruptions that could be differentially dealt with according to gender norms.
Using a novel experimental design, participants (trained actors) performed a specific type of competition (wielding power) in stereotypically masculine vs. feminine ways. Historically known as an age-related condition that affects older men, the social media posts included in the study repeatedly rebranded low testosterone as a problem affecting younger men, particularly those engaged in fitness and body optimisation. The study shows how these narratives closely mirror those promoted within the manosphere, where hormone levels are presented as a measure of manhood and testosterone is positioned as a way for men to reclaim power, status and control. Young men are being encouraged to undergo testosterone testing and start hormone therapy through Instagram and TikTok content that promotes unproven health claims while downplaying medical risks, a new international study has found.
Testosterone therapy does not appear to increase the risk of prostate cancer, but it can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Doctors also watch out for high red blood cell counts, which could increase the risk of clotting. As a result, there is some controversy about which men should be treated with supplemental testosterone.
However, the difference between feminine and masculine stereotypes disappeared when controlling for relationship status, which has been repeatedly shown to correlate with testosterone, supporting conclusions that gender stereotypes in this case were not modulating testosterone. Still, this paradigm opens up new avenues for research on gender and socially situated biology, by attending closely to the ways that gender norms constrain behaviors that themselves modulate physiology. Our experiment provides evidence for a novel gender→testosterone pathway and points to possible mechanisms and mediation via gender-stereotyped behavior. This may be especially the case for competitions enacted in social daily life because these are the ones with high frequencies of engagement (in contrast to infrequent formalized competitions with clear win/loss outcomes, where men’s testosterone can show an increase, e.g., refs. 7 and 28. Accordingly, we designed our experiment to disentangle power from masculinity where the two are typically conflated, so that we could assess two competing mediating pathways from gender to testosterone. Gender norms influence women to perform behaviors in stereotypically less masculine ways, and men to perform them in stereotypically more masculine ways. Accordingly, men could be engaging more frequently than women in behaviors that increase testosterone.

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